The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.